on june 10th, 2023, dozens of young people under the association for community awareness (ascoa) suited up to take on marine pollution. dressed in pants, shoes and gloves adapted to the activity, the volunteers converged at one of the active junctions in buea municipality ready to set off for limbe, a coastal city in cameroon to pick up marine debris along the limbola beach. 

baptist missionaries founded limbe, formerly called “victoria,” in 1858. the town lies along ambas bay in the gulf of guinea, at the southern foot of mount cameroon, just south of buea. with its nearly 400 miles (650 km) of coastline, the beaches of limbe are one of the primary reasons the area is a favorite tourist destination in cameroon. 

ascoa is a charitable non-profit organization with headquarters in cameroon, west africa and offices in the u.s., u.k. and kenya. thus far, ascoa has engaged about 1470 volunteers collecting 1, 451,927 assorted items (927 tons).

leading these volunteers is the founder and chief executive officer of ascoa, linus ayangwoh embe. according to embe, “our ocean is very important because most of the fish we eat come from the ocean. even if you (don’t live in an) ocean community, you need to support this ocean because you eat things coming from the ocean.”

aside from being a tourist destination, the black sandy beaches of limbe also serve as a source of income for the local population. ngwatem hansen makes $13 usd (fcfa8000) per day as a driver, transporting stones mined along the limbola beach. 

“i believe the water is important because it gives us money. for instance, i make money from here and even for those loading the stones at the end of the day, we can afford food to eat at home,” hansen said.

watching the waves from the beach moving back and forth, one can see chunks of assorted debris all along limboa beach. fortunately, today the group of young volunteers are on the ground to pick up these marine pollutants in order to keep the beach clean.

according to the health director of ascoa anye akuma, the group picked up about 300 kilograms of waste within just two hours. the group then categorized their haul into different types of waste.

tetang ana, a coordinator for the project, listed the items they collected along the coastline, saying, “some of the items which we have been able to pick are food wrappers, take-away plastic containers, leads, fishing nets…” and the list continues.

according to akuma, they classify the waste for accountability and for further action. “we categorize waste so that we can upload (the data) to a national website so that companies can see what they are dumping into the environment. (the companies) can come up with recyclable materials that will be good instead of using non-recyclable materials,” he said.  

in order to widen their impact, ascoa is organizing a national conference on coastal cleanup in cameroon in collaboration with the ministry of environment, nature protection and sustainable development. the event involves different stakeholders in the environmental sector, including government representatives. 

the project coordinator mukete samuel, said they are trying to ensure that most beaches in cameroon have trash-free coastlines. according to samuel, many beaches that could become tourist venues are currently not used as such due to large amounts of rubbish present.  

“if you go to some of these beaches to see good hotels, you rather find them abandoned,” samuel said. “so the purpose of this event is to make sure that those beaches are clean and sustainable.” 

thus far, the young volunteers have cleaned several beaches including idenau, etisa, limbola, bobende, bota, down beach 1 and 2.

as the young environmentalists set an example for others to follow, their initiative serves as a powerful reminder that the fight against marine debris requires collective action and an unwavering commitment to preserving our planet’s precious ecosystems.

it is 10am in vasingi village, one of the communities on the boundary of mount cameroon national park in the buea municipality of cameroon. the sun is bright, which is an indication for a great day to go check the apiary. the apiculturist evambe thompson gets his bag ready to journey to mount cameroon forest where he has stationed his beehives.

his backpack is large enough to contain two bee suits, an additional pair of pants, a smoker, some scrap papers, a match and two 10 liter buckets to collect the honey and hives.

while in the forest, thompson shows me the various apiaries. he has twelve of them in the forest stationed strategically in different locations as well as twelve boxes he relies on for a rich harvest. each box serves as a site where bees are safe to produce their honey. thompson also explains that harvesting is seasonal, hence, prone to the impact of climate change.

if the year is good, thompson can harvest between seven to nine liters in a single outing. annually, he can harvest around 100 liters per year, earning him approximately $656 (fcfa400,000).

beekeeping as a sustainable way of life

by pressing on a smoker, thompson blows enough air to keep the scrap paper inside burning. he uses the resulting smoke to keep the bees calm during harvesting.

thompson explains the various seasons involved in bee farming in that part of the country. “normally there are two seasons, june and december but with the climate change, the weather and the flowering season too, are different. this greatly affects the amount of nectar that the honeybees collect to produce in a particular season so it alters the way we collect. so we start harvesting in march then in june and after june we can only harvest again in december or march the following year.”

“plants are a vital part in apiculture commonly known as bee farming. this is so because, in as much as bees pollinate the plant, the plant produces nectar for the bee so if the bees don’t get enough nectar they can’t produce honey,” said thompson.

thompson picked up the skills of beekeeping from his grandfather who was a poacher and wild honey collector but later learned modern ways of keeping bees as he grew up. although he initially did not learn beekeeping for conservation’s sake until authorities from mount cameroon came into the picture.

it should be noted that unregulated honey harvests have also posed threats to the forest ecosystem because, in order to harvest honey without getting stung, many traditional bee farmers set fires that can often get out of control.

thompson, however, no longer practices beekeeping unregulated. “the park authority gave me three hives then added two others since they saw that i was serious and hopefully they will get me more hives so i can keep more bees,” he said.

according to the thompson, “there is nobody into beekeeping without having the attitude of growing trees or seeing a naturally beautiful environment.”

living in harmony with the forest

the mount cameroon landscape supports forests of exceptional scientific, economic and social value, containing a variety of endemic and endangered flora and fauna species. the land supplies many commercial and subsistence forest products, as well as provides valuable ecosystem services, such as watershed protection. the sad reality is that this forest is rapidly degrading.

the buea municipality recently recorded its worst flood in decades and experts blame this occurrence on the degrading nature of the mount cameroon forest.

the southwest regional delegate of environment, nature protection and sustainable development, set ekwadi songe decries the cutting down of trees and advises persons to uphold good practices in order to avoid future natural disasters.

“five years ago we worked with the council to protect the buea forest reserve in bokwaogo but if you go there today, you will see people building and carrying out other activities. our work (on a) daily basis is to ask them to stop building there, but not to fight with them,” said delegate songe.

there is a big meeting point between beekeeping and conservation. “firstly, the bees provide ecosystem services because the bees collect pollens and also carry out seed pollination. there are certain crops that will never grow without beekeeping,” said thompson.