if climate activists and local governments can’t work with washington on climate change, they plan to work around it. more than 300 u.s. cities including chicago, new york, and los angeles have vowed to uphold the paris agreement – bypassing the trump administration’s intention to withdraw. and now dozens of cities worldwide made or renewed commitments moving toward zero carbon emissions by 2030 at a global climate summit in san francisco in mid-september.

against the backdrop of deadly hurricane florence and accelerating climate change, hundreds of leaders in government and business are taking solutions into their own hands. they came to the global climate action summit, which featured a series of events in the bay area to mobilize efforts that could put the planet on a path toward lower (or zero) carbon emissions to avoid the worst effects of global warming. a wide range of players — from indigenous groups focused on preserving forests, to billionaire investors committed to financing a transition away from carbon fuels — committed to more than 500 action steps during the summit.

thousands of delegates, speakers, and reporters convened in calls to action by some of the most prominent figures in the environmental movement – former new york city mayor michael bloomberg, former vice president and “inconvenient truth” author al gore, naturalist and animal rights activist jane goodall, and actor-turned-environmentalist harrison ford, currently vice chair of conservation international’s board of directors.

“cities are where it’s happening,” al gore said during a kick-off event hosted by the c40 cities climate leadership group. “cities are where the solutions are being found. for reasons i don’t fully understand, but some of you may, cities are far more responsive and creative in finding policy solutions.”

“you wouldn’t know it from reading the headlines that we are making progress,” said bloomberg, a co-chair and one of the main organizers of the summit. “the headlines focus on the political fights in washington. but the real action is happening in cities, states, and the private sector. and the good news is those groups are positioning the united states to uphold our end of the paris agreement no matter what happens in washington.”

bloomberg and california governor jerry brown, among others, spoke of the urgency of the climate crisis at the main summit plenary events on thursday and friday. the summit focused on ways to aid and inform the parallel climate negotiations of the unfccc (united nations framework convention on climate change). the calls to action focused on five key areas that cities and regions could undertake to bypass inaction by parent governments: healthy energy systems, inclusive economic growth, sustainable communities, land and ocean stewardship, and transformative climate investments.

“since the white house announced its intention to withdraw from the paris agreement, more than 3,000 u.s. cities, states, businesses, and other groups have declared their commitment to the paris agreement,” wrote brown and bloomberg in a los angeles times op-ed during the summit. “together, these groups form the third-largest economy in the world, and they represent more than half the total u.s. population. they have been ramping up actions to cut carbon pollution and move toward the goals in the paris agreement, just as the rest of the world is doing.”

summit leaders view inaction at the top acute in the united states, where president donald trump’s administration has vowed to back out of the paris agreement while threatening to undermine the clean air act and roll back president barack obama’s clean power agenda.

bloomberg set the tone by stressing that solving climate change was an economic opportunity. “california is a great example of how fighting climate change and growing the economy grow hand in hand,” bloomberg said. “that’s something we also saw in nyc. we created a record number of jobs while at the same time reducing our carbon footprint by 19 percent.”

some of the major new commitments announced during the summit include:

• 12 major cities—including tokyo, seoul, and oslo—joined an existing network (now of 26 municipalities) pledging commitment to the c40 cities’ “fossil fuel free streets declaration.” this means using zero-carbon buses by 2025 and “ensuring a major area of the city is zero emission by 2030.”
• 72 cities committed to adopting a climate action plan by 2020 and become emissions neutral by 2050.
• a coalition of companies launched of the “climate-resilient value chains leaders platform,” including coca-cola and mars that will assess climate risk in their supply chains.
• some 277 cities and counties committed to upholding the paris agreement as part of the summit’s “we are still in” initiative, among them cities that originally backed the accord when trump announced plans to withdraw in june 2017.

the business-friendly attitude of the summit proved problematic at points. on thursday morning, entrance to the plenary sessions in the moscone center was blocked by protestors critical of california governor jerry brown, who they believe has not done enough to move away from the state’s substantial oil and gas portfolio. california in particular has suffered in recent years from the effects of climate change, experiencing a mix of intense drought and historic wildfires that have ravaged parts of the state.

nevertheless, the choice of locating the summit in san francisco was strategic, as both the city and the state of california itself have become leaders in supporting renewable infrastructure and industry. “my plan is an integrated plan built up over time,” brown said. “and we welcome any suggestions but i believe california has the most far reaching plan to deal with emissions as well as oil and production.” brown also reminded attendees that if california was a country, it would have the third largest economy behind china and the u.s.

later this year, the u.n. climate conference will be held in katowice, poland. earlier this year, a report published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences warned that we are very close—less than one degree of global warming away—to producing a series of positive feedback loops that will generate what was ominously described as a “hothouse earth” scenario.

“we are all rich or poor,” actor harrison ford said in a speech during the opening plenary. “powerful or powerless. we will all suffer the effects of climate change, and we are facing what is quickly becoming the greatest moral crisis of our time.”