{"id":27040,"date":"2023-02-15t19:07:33","date_gmt":"2023-02-15t19:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.planetforward.com\/2023\/02\/15\/innovators-develop-seaweed-based-alternatives-to-plastic-food-wrappers\/"},"modified":"2023-02-24t14:37:24","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24t14:37:24","slug":"seaweed-alternative-plastic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/seaweed-alternative-plastic\/","title":{"rendered":"innovators develop seaweed-based alternatives to plastic food wrappers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

this article was originally published in mongabay<\/a> on jan. 17, 2023.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

seaweed, a common name for thousands of marine plants and algae found in different water bodies, not only provides food and shelter for marine animals, but it can also help solve the plastic pollution problem. materials researchers from flinders university in australia and german biomaterials developer one \u2022 f\u0131ve<\/a> have developed a new nonpolluting seaweed-based coating material \u201cdesigned to replace conventional fossil-based plastic coatings used in grease-resistant fast food packaging.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the initiative aims to transform the global packaging and plastics industry by significantly reducing reliance on highly pollutive conventional plastic, according to flinders university\u2019s media release<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the packaging used to wrap the hamburgers, fries and chips we order from fast food establishments is typically laminated with a thin layer of plastic in order to make it grease-resistant. however, this poses a problem in terms of recycling, as this layer is typically made of synthetic polymer<\/a>, which is derived from petroleum, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. this does not biodegrade and it breaks up into smaller pieces called microplastics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the one \u2022 f\u0131ve and flinders researchers have developed an alternative: a seaweed-based coating that is not made from synthetic polymer. this fits with the goals of recently proposed revisions to eu rules for packaging and packaging waste<\/a>. the main objectives of the proposed rules are to prevent the generation of packaging waste, to boost high-quality \u201cclosed loop<\/a>\u201d recycling, and to reduce the need for primary natural resources and create a well-functioning market for secondary raw materials that will increase the use of recycled plastics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a number of conditions have to be met for biodegradable and compostable plastics to have positive environmental impacts. first, the biomass used to produce biobased plastics must be sustainably sourced. second, the biodegradable plastics must be approached with caution and should not be used as an excuse to litter. lastly, industrially compostable plastics will be allowed for only some products and should be used only when they have environmental benefits, they do not negatively affect compost quality and there is a proper biowaste collection and treatment system in place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

according to zhongfan jia, lead researcher from the flinders institute for nanoscale science and technology, the seaweed-based coating material they developed uses natural polymer rather than fossil fuel-based products. contrary to synthetic polymers, natural polymers occur in nature and are extracted from plants or animals. the new coating material is derived from sodium alginate<\/a> \u2014 which is obtained from brown seaweed and typically used as a thickening agent, gelling agent, emulsifier, stabilizer and texture-improver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
flinders university researchers (from left to right) peng su, chanaka mudugamuwa and zhongfan jia testing the biopolymer coating for potential use in fast-food and other wrappers. (image courtesy of flinders university)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

as jia explained, seaweed extracts have a similar structure to the natural fibers from which paper is made. simple chemical modifications were made to enhance the grease and oil-resistant properties in order to hold fast food items for a certain period of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cbasically, we just do simple modifications but maintain the biodegradable or biocompatible properties of the seaweed polymer just to afford a little bit of extra properties,\u201d said jia. \u201cso for this polymer, because they have a very similar structure to craft paper, therefore, potentially, there is no problem for this to be recycled to make new paper.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

although the biomass for the new coating formulation is made from natural polymers extracted from seaweeds that are native to the south australian coastline, jia said it is also possible for other countries to adopt this technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c[if] we can extract [it] here, we don\u2019t need to import the seaweed from somewhere else. but this doesn\u2019t mean that [seaweed from] somewhere else cannot be used,\u201d said jia. \u201cyou grow that seaweed and extract that polymer because there\u2019s no point if they don\u2019t find their applications.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

in different countries, seaweed is used for a variety of applications. in japan, korea and china, seaweed is used as food<\/a> for human consumption \u2014 fresh, dried or as an ingredient in prepared foods. in indonesia<\/a>, it is used in making edible cups and food wrappers, among other items, to address the plastic waste problem. it can also be used for industrial purposes<\/a> by extracting alginate, agar and carrageenan, which are thickening and gelling agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

seaweed and bioplastic in the philippines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

in the philippines \u2014 one of the world\u2019s leading producers of aquatic plants \u2014 researchers are already developing new solutions to the plastic-wrap problem in addition to many other uses for seaweeds. since the 1970s, commercial seaweed farming<\/a> has turned into one of the philippines\u2019 most important coastal enterprises, which supports more than 200,000 families. more specifically, it is valued for carrageenan, a gelatin-like additive used as a thickening agent and stabilizer for many food and cosmetic products such as whipping cream, chocolate milk and ice cream, among many others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

in 2019, a filipino named denxybel montinola made headlines when he developed a bioplastic film using mango and seaweeds \u2014 both of which are raw materials that are abundant in the country. he showcased his invention in the 2019 dost-bpi science awards competition and he was one of the 30 outstanding college students who received an award for their scientific research and innovations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cseaweed actually grows really quick, so we can just use it safely and sustainably. nowadays, we are really critical about sustainability, so we really want to use a raw material that wouldn\u2019t harm the environment, and that\u2019s seaweed,\u201d montinola told mongabay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
experimentation on the bioplastic film made from seaweed and mango peelings. (image courtesy of denxybel montinola)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

seaweeds are \u201cprimary producers,\u201d meaning they get energy from sunlight and necessary materials from nonliving sources. they are quick-growing at about 30-60 times faster than land-based plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mango, the philippines\u2019 national fruit, is the third-most important fruit crop<\/a> in the country. in 2015, the country ranked seventh in exports of fresh and dried mango.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

as montinola explained, the bioplastic he developed is made by processing the raw materials to extract its polymers \u2014 carrageenan from seaweeds and pectin from mango peelings. these polymers were combined without using a plasticizer, which is an artificial component in making the material as elastic as petroleum-based. hence, it is biodegradable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cin my case, in my invention, if you submerge the bioplastic in water it completely dissolves to its raw material, which are just the polymers of seaweed and mango peels. so it doesn\u2019t really turn into microplastics, like the traditional petroleum-based plastics,\u201d montinola said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

according to montinola, his invention utilizes an environmental waste since mango peels are a byproduct of mango production. using this rather than letting it rot can further create additional income for farmers if the mango-seaweed bioplastic production becomes an industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

similar to jia, montinola agrees it is possible for other countries to adopt his technology, depending on their ability to produce or procure the raw materials needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cif the country doesn\u2019t really produce mangoes or seaweed, they could try other raw materials as well. \u2026 seaweed is a resilient material that can grow in tropical countries or in cold places. so i think it\u2019s really good to start with seaweed as the base of the biofilm,\u201d said montinola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

on making seaweed-based bioplastics commercially available<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

the biocoating materials for fast food packaging developed by flinders university and one \u2022 f\u0131ve are aimed at commercial use. however, according to jia, they are still working toward laboratory-scale processing to produce industrially relevant volumes of the natural polymer coating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cwhat we are trying to do is to hopefully formulate the product that can be adapted to the current industry production line. \u2026 that can make commercialization faster and cheaper because you don\u2019t need to build [a] new factory,\u201d said jia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the research stage is finished and the idea is working in the chemistry lab, jia said. so the next stage is testing the safety of this coating to make sure it meets regulations for food contact materials (fcms)<\/a>, which are materials that come in contact with food before consumption, including packaging and containers. these fcms must comply with regulations in order to ensure a high level of food safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
prototype products: (from left to right) candy wrappers made from biofilm, a semi-refined opaque sheet of biofilm and a refined sheet of transparent biofilm. (image courtesy of denxybel montinola)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cextra [precautions] should be taken for safety to meet local requirements for different countries \u2014 they have different regulations for their food, so that\u2019s also extra time for this one to be finally on the market,\u201d said jia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

similarly, in montinola\u2019s bioplastic film, the goal is to make it commercially ready. however, there are hindrances along the way, such as the unavailability of funding and technical issues in producing the biobased plastic compared with traditional petroleum-based plastics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ctraditional plastics use extruders to create single-use plastic bags, but it is still an open question if we can use the same material or production process if we use a biobased plastic,\u201d said montinola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

as of writing, montinola is looking forward to kickstarting the project this year with the goal of commercializing it. aside from providing sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics, production of these biobased plastic coatings and films could also help create livelihoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ci think we\u2019re going to produce business to our farmers who are doing seaweed farming,\u201d said montinola. \u201calso, i think, we could create another industry or sector of producing biobased plastic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

using seaweeds in commercially available bioplastic coatings and films could prompt the industry to extract more polymer, which will consequently result in an increased demand for seaweed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cif the industry needs more polymer from seaweed, then it will drive the farmers to grow the seaweed. so it\u2019s like a chain industry,\u201d jia said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

seaweed farming i<\/a>n the philippines\u2019 palawan island<\/a> has not only helped uplift the socio-economic condition of families but it has also built a sense of community. it has empowered women<\/a> who engage in seaweed farming by enabling them to help put food on the table and also to pay for their children to go to school. seaweed farmers also play an important role in the protection of marine life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

thus, montinola called for the government to make funding more accessible to innovators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cfor the youth, we are in the era of social media. \u2026 there are problems that are really important to be solved, and i think we should sometimes focus on that problem, and amplify the voices of the young innovators and young activists to really make a change in the world,\u201d montinola said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

seaweed may help solve the plastic pollution problem, with a little help from materials researchers at flinders university in australia and a german biomaterials developer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11749,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5034],"tags":[4403,4153],"storyfest_categories":[],"class_list":["post-27040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-storyfest-2023","tag-plastic-alternatives","tag-plastic-pollution"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\ninnovators develop seaweed-based alternatives to plastic food wrappers - planet forward<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/seaweed-alternative-plastic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_us\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"innovators develop seaweed-based alternatives to plastic food wrappers - 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