{"id":27147,"date":"2023-01-18t15:00:14","date_gmt":"2023-01-18t15:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.planetforward.com\/2023\/01\/18\/how-farmers-and-pollution-regulators-work-together\/"},"modified":"2023-03-20t19:17:19","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20t19:17:19","slug":"farmers-regulators-work-together","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/farmers-regulators-work-together\/","title":{"rendered":"how farmers and pollution regulators work together"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cthere\u2019s not a single farmer you will ever find that says&nbsp;&#8216;yes, i want there to be polluted water.&#8217; what they say is, \u2018you have no idea how hard my life is, and now you&#8217;re trying to make it harder.\u2019 it&#8217;s the system they&#8217;re in that we&#8217;re struggling with.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/bwlixjyjfyyaye6vdaem-2o6e2tkhdqfeqzlu6i8tlgrpsgdyaagtxoi9ocleb2988bcniqw44e2h6q2klo_nuam-jtyhpzdiqrr43cxylustuiizb7ti_qsxiulkh0zcgkcnganbp4mtulvq943aam9gar50jvpxrn0sbsvw7xcaaprv133p3pvekh3bq\" alt=\"a man in a button down shirt smiles at the camera. bartlett durand acts as a mediator between farmers and city officials.\" width=\"223\" height=\"220\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">bartlett durand.<br>(courtesy of bartlett durand)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>this quote comes from bartlett durand, water quality partnership director of <a href=\"https:\/\/sandcountyfoundation.org\/\">sand county foundation<\/a>. he is talking about the agriculture system in the united states and the pressure&nbsp;that large-scale industrial farming puts on agriculture workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>for decades, it has been the norm for farmers to use practices that can pollute our waterways. now, farmers are facing&nbsp;pressure from government officials to cut their polluting systems, but are under such financial strain that they can\u2019t afford to change their land management practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>this leaves many farmers stuck, all while officials continue to set more demanding standards and while water all over the country gets more polluted. durand\u2019s job is to be a neutral ground between the city officials that set water quality standards and the farmers that must follow them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5277669243_d05a2341d3_k_0.jpg\" alt=\"a woman wearing a blue tank on her back sprays crops in a field holding a long pole. \" width=\"-171\" height=\"-85\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">a worker using pesticides on farm land. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/ifpri\/5277669243\">ifpri<\/a>\/cc by-nc-nd 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">an excess of nutrients<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>the major environmental issue driving&nbsp;durand\u2019s work is excessive algae growth, which can cause <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/deadzone.html#:~:text=%22dead%20zone%22%20is%20a%20more,of%20oxygen%20in%20the%20water.&amp;text=less%20oxygen%20dissolved%20in%20the,as%20fish%2c%20leave%20the%20area.\">hypoxic zones<\/a>, or areas in bodies of water that lack oxygen and are therefore susceptible to&nbsp;toxic algae blooms. all farming requires nutrients, whether through intensive soil management or added nutrients through manure or fertilizer. without careful management or buffering areas to contain the nutrients, rains can cause soil runoff and with that,&nbsp;the transportation of excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus to local waterways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>just like nitrogen and phosphorus help crops grow on a large scale, they will also make the naturally occurring algae in ponds and lakes grow excessively. these overgrown algae can use up all of the oxygen in an area of&nbsp;water and leave none for the entire rest of the ecosystem, killing most living things in the area. the watershed becomes a dead zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>this can happen small-scale, in local ponds, or large-scale, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.org\/en-us\/about-us\/where-we-work\/priority-landscapes\/gulf-of-mexico\/stories-in-the-gulf-of-mexico\/gulf-of-mexico-dead-zone\/\">like in the gulf of mexico.<\/a> the great lakes, which surround durand\u2019s home state of wisconsin, also suffer from dead zones. in lake erie, for example, the hypoxic zone is sometimes <a href=\"https:\/\/ohiodnr.gov\/static\/documents\/coastal\/owc\/owc_techbull3_hypoxia.pdf\">as large as 3,800 square miles.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mississippi_watershed_map_1.jpeg\" alt=\"a map of the united states showing the course of the mississippi river and its various tributaries leading into the gulf of mexico.\" width=\"468\" height=\"367\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">rivers all over the united states feed nitrogen and phosphorus runoff into the gulf of mexico, resulting in the gulf of mexico dead zone. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/file:mississippi_watershed_map_1.jpg\">jon platek<\/a>\/cc by-sa 3.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hypoxic zone satellite.jpeg\" alt=\"a satellite image of the gulf of mexico showing sediment building up in the water around the mouths of the mississippi and atchafayala rivers.\" width=\"497\" height=\"362\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">a satellite image capturing part of the gulf of mexico dead zone. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/file:sediment_in_the_gulf_of_mexico.jpg\">norman kuring<\/a>\/public domain)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>the nutrient pollution can also get into groundwater, which can be very harmful, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/nutrientpollution\/issue\">even at low levels<\/a>. nitrogen can percolate through layers of soil all the way down to aquifers. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/drinking\/groundwater-awareness-week.html#:~:text=one%2dthird%20of%20americans%20%e2%80%94%20more,water%20systems%20that%20use%20groundwater.\">one third of all americans<\/a> \u2014 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/special-topics\/water-science-school\/science\/pesticides-groundwater\">95% of americans living in agricultural areas<\/a> \u2014 get their drinking water from groundwater, so this poses a real threat if left unregulated.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">the role of regulators<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>officials want to set water quality standards that slow dead zone growth and keep our water clean. but behind the issue of nutrient runoff lies social tension between farmers and officials that must be smoothed over to create any progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/laws-regulations\/summary-clean-water-act\">the clean water act<\/a> gives authority to the epa to enforce (water quality standards,) and then the epa gives authority to each state,\u201d durand says. \u201cthere are different state agencies, so it varies. the culture of each state is different, and the agriculture community is different.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>the clean water act can directly regulate pollution coming from point sources, meaning they can regulate pollution that comes from a single, identifiable source, like a wastewater pipe. the epa pushes the states to set limits on how much nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is allowed from point sources, and how much certain areas must cut their levels. most water treatment plants were built in the 70s and 80s \u2014 before we understood the harms of excess pesticides, says durand \u2014 and they aren\u2019t advanced enough to filter out the nitrogen and phosphorus at the level the epa wants. it can be expensive if not impossible for some of these plants to meet the nutrient targets set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>but some states offer the option of partnering with farmers to \u201ctrade\u201d nutrient reductions. the responsibility then falls on the farmers to cut their personal nutrient use, asking them to change their farming practices, or to implement ways to manage field runoff.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cfarming is a brutal profession,\u201d durand says. \u201cyou\u2019re running a small business with tiny margins, and you do not control your pricing. the pressure on farmers is intense. you can\u2019t make a mistake, you have so much money invested in the equipment\u2026 to change a bunch of (equipment) at once is almost impossibly expensive. and then you have to change the management style. they say, \u2018i have a rhythm. i know it. i grew up with it.\u2019 so, it\u2019s really a difficult thing (to change).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/9268160027_51f70af1bc_k.jpg\" alt=\"a picturesque farm with a red barn and silos on the banks of a small river. \" width=\"630\" height=\"385\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">a farm in illinois. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/lapstrake\/9268160027\">tom gill<\/a>\/cc by-nc-nd 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">farmers come to the table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>clean water act administrators and farmers come to the issue of water quality with completely different backgrounds. the issue can get quite contentious, as durand explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cright now, you have engineers and regulatory people and the government enforcing a checklist, and you have people who are regulated trying to complete that checklist. every five years they redo it and they all have to sit down and haggle over what those numbers are,\u201d durand says. \u201ci come in and provide a neutral ground to help negotiate. it\u2019s a big deal because it starts breaking down that adversarial relationship.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>substantial progress has been made in madison, wisconsin. the state\u2019s clean water act administrators and the epa allowed a pilot project for adaptive management. the project takes place in dane county, which is predominantly an agricultural landscape. <a href=\"https:\/\/countyofdane.com\/pressdetail\/8666\">farmland covers over 500,000 acres of the county<\/a>, more than two-thirds of all the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cthe concept was, we\u2019re going to give you (the wastewater treatment plant) 20 years to clean up your water, and you, the municipality, are going to take responsibility for your entire watershed. so they (dane county farmers) are committing to stop the pollution that\u2019s happening, with a partnership approach,\u201d durand says. the municipality provides the goals and funding, and the farmers figure out what works best on their farm to help improve water quality overall.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>the partnership approach was a game changer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cit was irritating farmers that there wasn&#8217;t a single farmer on the committee discussing (water pollution). so one farmer leader formed a group called the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaharapridefarms.org\/\">yahara pride farms,<\/a> after the yahara chain of lakes,\u201d durand says. \u201cand that gave him the authority to get a seat at the table.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>jeff endres, the founder of yahara pride farms, brought farmers&#8217; voices to the forefront and set the record straight on their practices in the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201che started talking, \u2018we need to keep nutrients on our land. we\u2019re not just willy-nilly spreading stuff. we\u2019re already doing a lot of sustainable things you don\u2019t think we\u2019re doing. we can probably do better, but you need to understand our costs.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>most importantly, durand says, farmers can be part of the solution for preventing nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, and shouldn\u2019t be treated like the enemy in water quality conversations. the enemy, durand holds, is the system of large-scale industrial agriculture that puts farmers in this difficult position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>yahara pride farms has been doing incredible work in partnerships with other organizations to reduce their nutrient runoff. the farmers get to choose how to spend the money they\u2019re given from the city for conservation practices together, and share the benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cthe first thing they did was hire their own agronomist to work with them. instead of having to rely on the government,\u201d durand says. \u201cit\u2019s been wildly successful. you get a group of farmers together, and \u2018why don\u2019t we all buy our cover crop seed in bulk? why don\u2019t we all buy one piece of equipment together that we can share to do our cover cropping?&#8217; once you get the farmers together, it is a huge plus. people can be so inspired by these partnerships.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>durand\u2019s work facilitating partnerships and open conversation is essential going forward in the struggle for clean water and healthy watersheds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cwater is the most immediate system that is dramatically not working and that we have to make changes on,\u201d&nbsp;durand&nbsp;says. \u201cthere are ways we can rally around that system to change it. because water is so fundamental to life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/gykqlit4vskg3dgy_rgs-5x6faagi3d3rkreghikbrosegztguoct4hirulzizcwpp_if0_5gemdffhiqq3bdvjvm5-2a7hmpzoh7znl9vd72ozbmwizujddxhnypiratwafibpxzezbzd_7g2wakulxjq1hye_s8zzhqccftu1xll1gh3nqmdjabjjm0a\" alt=\"trees line both banks of a quiet river. a sandy bank leads to the water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">the mississippi river. (<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/5zvjawm_u4c\">matthew benoit<\/a>\/unsplash license)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>bartlett durand of the sand county foundation discusses the effects of fertilizer use on waterways and what farmers can do to combat these effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10099,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4919,5034,4904],"tags":[112,464,4268,5168],"storyfest_categories":[],"class_list":["post-27147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture","category-storyfest-2023","category-water","tag-agriculture","tag-pollution","tag-profile","tag-watershed"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- this site is optimized with the yoast seo plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>how farmers and pollution regulators work together - 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