{"id":38228,"date":"2024-03-05t14:35:21","date_gmt":"2024-03-05t14:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/?p=38228"},"modified":"2024-03-29t16:31:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29t16:31:52","slug":"wildlife-friendly-solar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/wildlife-friendly-solar\/","title":{"rendered":"wildlife-friendly solar: aligning conservation goals with the energy transition"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

in the middle of a solar panel array in north carolina, the grass rustles with movement. a raccoon wanders between the panels. a fox wriggles through the permeable fencing and darts around the site. a cluster of turkeys stare accusingly into the wildlife camera. eventually, a curious bobcat prowls outside the fence, slinking inside and outside of the site boundary. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

the animal sightings were made possible by a carefully-placed camera trap used for conservation research. the project is part of efforts from the nature conservancy to investigate how solar development influences animal movement and work with solar developers to <\/span>preserve<\/span><\/i> the small corridors \u2014 or wildlife passageways \u2014 that allow for that movement. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

the sight of wildlife lingering at a solar facility between crystalline panels is an unusual one. but in north carolina, a state that ranks fourth in the nation for solar energy <\/span>production<\/span><\/a> and ninth for <\/span>biodiversity<\/span><\/a>, scientists and developers are realizing that the choice between renewables and biodiversity doesn\u2019t have to be a trade-off.  <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

solar energy in the energy transition and climate crisis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

amid national efforts to decarbonize the u.s. energy sector and achieve current emissions reductions <\/span>goals<\/span><\/a>, the u.s. is increasing its <\/span>buildout<\/span><\/a> of renewable energy. in the last decade, the solar industry saw an average annual <\/span>growth rate<\/span><\/a> of 24%, according to the solar energy industries association. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

as more and more renewables projects gain traction in states like north carolina, biologists have raised concerns over potential impacts on wildlife populations, especially amid overdevelopment and fragmentation. scientists have begun to research those impacts, but many studies have focused narrowly on bird deaths, habitat <\/span>conversion<\/span><\/a>,  pollinator habitat, or soil <\/span>ecosystems<\/span><\/a>, with fewer insights on migration and movement specifically. with climate change exacerbating the need and scale of future migrations, this research gap is a pressing one. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

while people often think of climate change as the biggest threat to biodiversity, the answer is actually habitat loss. liz kalies, the lead renewable energy scientist at the nature conservancy, spreads this message in her conservation work. \u201cwe can\u2019t justify poor siting of renewable energy in the name of biodiversity,\u201d said kalies. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cbut similarly, if we ignore climate change, that will also have severe consequences for biodiversity. so, we just really need to keep the two in our mind simultaneously, and not sacrifice one for the other,\u201d she said. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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camera trap footage reveals a gray fox traversing through wildlife-friendly fencing. (courtesy of liz kalies and nc pollinator alliance)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

strategies for building wildlife-friendly solar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

fortunately, solar developers haves several options to avoid making those sacrifices: selecting sites responsibly (including repurposed <\/span>mine land<\/span><\/a>), building in wildlife passageways (small corridors to allow animals to pass through)\u2014which could mean splitting a site down the middle\u2014and letting nature reclaim parts of the facility by growing wildflowers, planting native species, or building pollinator habitats. a simple change, such as mowing the lawn in september or october instead of august, after breeding season, can make a difference, according to a research team in <\/span>new york<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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pollinators at a solar site in 2018. (liz kalies)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

one of the most promising strategies so far is permeable fencing: swapping out traditional chain-link fencing for larger-holed fencing, which is meshy enough to allow small-to-medium sized mammals to slip through. animal <\/span>monitoring reports<\/span><\/a> show the early promise of this fencing, as camera traps capture foxes, birds, and coyotes navigating around the fencing. in one <\/span>stu<\/span><\/a>dy<\/a>, wildlife-permeable fencing increased the probability that ungulates (hoofed mammals) successfully crossed through the fence by 33% \u2014 and they were able to do so in 54% less time.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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closeup view of a wildlife-friendly fence. (liz kalies)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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camera trap footage reveals a cardinal and a gray fox traversing the wildlife-permeable fencing. (courtesy of liz kalies and nc pollinator alliance)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

camera trapping and bobcat tracking: the research behind wildlife-friendly solar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

kalies and her team have launched several projects to study solar-wildlife interactions, including the camera trap project, direct site visits with developers, and even a bobcat-specific project. kalies and her team are currently working on the latter, which involves locating, sedating, radio collaring, and tracking bobcats to generate visual maps of their meanderings. bobcats are secretive, elusive animals who prefer uninterrupted vegetation, making them good candidates to study the challenges that animals may face in in solar landscapes. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

surprisingly, bobcats are interacting with the solar facilities. from the videos kalies played, it appears some of them are even <\/span>drawn to<\/span><\/i> the facilities for unknown reasons. in their preliminary data, one bobcat appeared to cut through a solar facility that didn\u2019t even have a permeable fence. the team hopes to increase their sample size of bobcats in order to predict impacts of solar buildout on their populations through simulation alone.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

do developers really want foxes and bobcats roaming through their facilities?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

sometimes, the answer is yes, according to developers. medium-sized predators may help quell rodent populations, and rodents have been known to gnaw through the panels\u2019 wiring, breaking the solar array.  <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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a coyote walks around a solar facility at night. (courtesy of liz kalies and nc pollinator alliance)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

wildlife passageways offer other benefits to developers. at face value, building wildlife-friendly infrastructure is great for a company\u2019s brand image and public relations \u2014 especially when local opposition to renewable projects is so prevalent, and sometimes stems from animal conservation <\/span>concerns<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> additionally, installing wildlife-friendly fencing is economical, according to kalies. it costs roughly the same as a chain-link fence and holds up just as well structurally, based on her reports from developers. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ci love the idea of wildlife friendly fencing,\u201d  said scott starr, co-founder of highline renewables. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cyou’re going to be a partner with the community for 30 plus years. so, you want to do things like screen it with evergreens or use wildlife friendly fencing […] and even if it’s a small upcharge, you are looking for things to make the project work that don’t just show up in the pro forma but are also a benefit to the community.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

as a developer who specializes in small-scale distributed generation,  starr notes that it\u2019s common to screen for endangered species early on as part of choosing a site. \u201cwe are very careful as developers towards critical species, critical habitat, wetlands, things like that. that is part of the process.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

but, when it comes to sharing land with wildlife, the territory is more unfamiliar. starr elaborates on the policy gaps in how governments incentivize wildlife-friendly buildout. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cthe only things that i\u2019ve really seen are \u2018we\u2019ll give you adders to put it on this rooftop!\u2019 and \u2018we\u2019ll give you adders if  you put it on a brownfield or co-locate with some kind of agricultural operations!\u2019 said starr. \u201cthere never is really anything about wildlife corridors\u2014we just don\u2019t know.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

while developers can\u2019t claim that solar sites are equivalent to wildlife refuges, they do share some compelling similarities: they\u2019re quiet, isolated, fenced off, and relatively low-disturbance on the landscape. whether or not a site is wildlife-friendly often comes down to what\u2019s adjacent to the facility, says kalies, meaning rural sites typically have better luck than urban, overdeveloped, already-degraded plots of land. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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wildflowers spring up at a site from 2018 to 2021, including black eyed susans and purple coneflowers, planted strategically to avoid shading the panels. (liz kalies)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

challenges and limitations of building wildlife passageways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

some of the biggest research-specific challenges for kalies\u2019s team include accessing sites in the first place, finding partners willing to collaborate, and hours of challenging fieldwork. another difficulty lies in data interpretation. even with data from camera traps, for example, seeing an animal onsite doesn\u2019t mean it\u2019s necessarily benefitting. the animal could be migrating, breeding or nesting, foraging, lost, or simply hanging out. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

starr adds that, from a developer\u2019s perspective, even if you support wildlife-friendly fencing,  you may get a \u2018no\u2019 from the county, from financiers, or from any long-term owners of the project who might consider wildlife a risk to their multi-million dollar asset. (some developers are even concerned about <\/span>bird droppings<\/span><\/a> reducing the efficiency of their solar panels.)<\/span>
<\/span>
<\/span>overall, the solar industry\u2019s ability to become \u201cwildlife-friendly\u201d may depend on the level of discussion happening in government. \u201cwe need clear guidance and policymaking that incentivizes these kinds of considerations,\u201d said starr.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

the future of wildlife-friendly solar <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

despite these challenges, pursuing wildlife-friendly solar in north carolina may be a promising step toward preserving biodiversity. the state <\/span>ranks<\/span><\/a> the 13<\/span>th<\/span> highest in the nation for risk of species loss. while wildlife movement patterns are being studied in the western u.s. (such as pronghorn migration), more research is needed on patterns in eastern states.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

the first step to preserving biodiverse populations is ensuring that animals can continue to move freely across landscapes. through siting adjustments, permeable fencing, planting wildflower pollinator habitat, and actively collaborating with scientists, the solar industry has a chance to protect wildlife. energy developers and biologists alike can take part in this initiative, giving a new meaning to \u201cenergy conservation.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

can wildlife live in harmony with solar infrastructure? permeable fencing and monitoring of wildlife-friendly solar facilities could help conserve biodiversity without throwing a wrench into renewable energy development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13596,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4905,4929,4907,4935,4898,4899,4910,4891,7080],"tags":[],"storyfest_categories":[],"class_list":["post-38228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adaptation","category-biodiversity","category-business-economics","category-conservation","category-engineering","category-policy","category-renewable-energy","category-solar","category-storyfest-2024"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nwildlife-friendly solar - planet forward<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"permeable fencing and monitoring of wildlife-friendly solar 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