{"id":43369,"date":"2024-11-13t14:31:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-13t14:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/?p=43369"},"modified":"2024-11-18t19:35:04","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18t19:35:04","slug":"senegal-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/senegal-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"senegal is poised for economic boom \u2014 if residents can survive the pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
editor’s note:<\/strong> this story was originally published in the tri-state defender<\/a> and was produced under the guidance of george washington university professor jesse j. holland in his capacity as the director of the planet forward frontline climate fellowship<\/a>. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cin electing me, the people of senegal have decided on a break with the past,\u201d said bassirou diomaye faye in the first interview<\/a> after his election as the president of the small but geostrategically important nation in western africa. <\/p>\n\n\n in the midst of the \u201cfree sudan\u201d and \u201cfree congo\u201d movements, an amplified focus on african struggles has echoed through the american and european publics. meanwhile, senegal has also had a glimmer of hope to remedy some of the problems that have burdened its people in recent decades. <\/p>\n\n\n\n in 2023, the country\u2019s youth mobilized in protests aimed at opposing the efforts of then-president macky sall to stay in power for longer than two mandates, and in 2024 the country elected its youngest president to date, diomaye faye, as part of a leftist movement that promises to eradicate corruption and increase economic justice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n however, one particular dilemma has arisen: is the move toward more progressive economic policies harmful to the environment? or must a break from the past be accompanied by environmentalism?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n such questions have become pressing particularly as the new administration has promised<\/a> to begin working with australia\u2019s woodside lng, a liquified natural gas company and a large contributor to fossil fuel pollution, to ensure that senegal\u2019s natural resources are utilized to increase the nation\u2019s prosperity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n long before the election of diomaye faye, pollution has been a problem, especially in the capital city of dakar. walking through dakar, one may walk past market stands full of fruits and vegetables, bustling streets filled with people proudly donning traditional clothing, and speedy motorcycles zooming through the busy traffic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n but exploring the city quickly turns painful due to the immense amount of smog generated by second-hand cars brought from european countries and burning trash. in 2019, prior to the pandemic, bbc reported that air pollution levels were exceeding<\/a> by more than seven times the world health organization\u2019s limits of particulate matter (pm), and according to the united nations environment programme the situation has only worsened<\/a> since.<\/p>\n\n\n with the capital city of dakar already struggling with decreasing air quality, what do people in senegal have to say about the choice between progress in the western sense and the promise of additional revenue versus the need to preserve the peoples\u2019 and climate\u2019s health? <\/p>\n\n\n\n k\u00e9ba djibril man\u00e9, who teaches french, wolof, and several other languages spoken in africa to foreign students affiliated with the peace corps and additional international programs in the city of dakar, said he is appalled about the pollution situation in senegal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cpollution has reached an extraordinary level,\u201d he said. \u201ci know many people who have health problems because of pollution. and this pollution is largely due to cars. you wait for a taxi in the street. a car passes, but there is smoke. everyone is affected.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n beyond his passion for languages, djibril man\u00e9 is also interested in politics because he has seen the effects pollution can have on health and wants to see this issue being addressed effectively by the country\u2019s leaders. his sister-in-law, the wife of his older brother, became sick from the air pollution in dakar. because she developed a respiratory disease, he said, her family had to move to a rural area where there are fewer economic opportunities but the air is cleaner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n stories like that of djibril man\u00e9\u2019s sister-in-law are common in dakar. in an article published in the new york times<\/em> in 2019, the chief of the pulmonology unit at a hospital in the capital of senegal was quoted stating<\/a> that asthma is one of the main childhood diseases in the city and that over a third of the city\u2019s population has some form of lung disease. <\/p>\n\n\n\n moreover, according to an article published in the journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine<\/em> in 2019, there is a direct correlation<\/a> between the poor air quality and the prevalence of respiratory manifestation in dakar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n specifically, during a six year period (2011 to 2016), nearly 350,000 patients in dakar were treated for respiratory symptoms, which gradually increased over time. the manifestation of both upper and lower respiratory diseases was strongly correlated with exposure to sulfur dioxide (so2) and nitrogen dioxide (no2). due to the poor quality of the air in dakar, children and adults were likely to not only contract a range of respiratory illnesses, from cough and acute respiratory infection to asthma, bronchitis, and angina, but also to have persistent forms of such diseases and recurrent outbreaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n according to djibril man\u00e9, pollution has become such a prevalent issue that many have realized the masks of the covid era should be worn all year around for protection not against viruses but against the toxic substances in the air. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cyou have to hide your face in your sleeve, we cover our faces like that after about a minute on the street. even today, there are people who wear masks,\u201d he said. \u201cnow, people are used to the masks because of covid, and covid came and went, but people have continued to wear masks. i have. if you ask why you want to put on the mask again, it is very useful, not only to protect yourself against covid, but for dust, pollution in general during the day. when i go to town, there are too much dust, fumes, toxic gases, etc.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n djibril man\u00e9 said he is aware that second-hand cars constitute one of the biggest sources of pollution in senegal and overall in africa. he also knows a key reason for this pollution is that european nations such as france impose bans on older cars, but that countries in africa then import those refurbished cars from europe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cit\u2019s not just cars by the way, it\u2019s a lot of things. many things are imported second-hand, there are tvs like that, large or small. there are refrigerators and there are gas stoves and other materials which are not within the environmental standards at the international level, they are prohibited for use in europe,\u201d he said. \u201cwhen they can no longer use them in france, they say ok, we cannot use them in france, but we will use them among africans.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cnot good for health. what should we do instead of destroying them? recycle them?\u201d djibril man\u00e9 said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cthere is the bu\u00f1uul. it means black in wolof. this is what french people call africans pejoratively. he\u2019s a wolof. it is the only wolof word that is in the french lexicon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cfrance has the right to choose that it needs good health for its population and it needs a good environment for its population. but africa doesn\u2019t have that right. this is the inhumanity, the lack of humanism, of neocolonialism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n while djibril man\u00e9 is not opposed to developing new economic opportunities such as those related to natural gas, he thinks the association with western companies for such endeavors will not lead to success. he said he views western countries and companies as entities that seek to keep africa in poverty and africans marred by disease both by exporting used products to africa and by exploiting africa\u2019s natural resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cunfortunately, western policy toward africa is much more based on racism, because often everything they do on other continents, they don\u2019t do in africa the same,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n el hadji faly, a college student who is interested in the betterment of african youth, mental health, and environmental action, and who published the book therapy is banned in africa<\/em>, is somewhat more optimistic about environmental aspects in senegal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n in high school, hadji faly had the opportunity to live and learn in the united states for a year and to compare the environmental situation in american and african settings. moreover, in 2023, to continue his studies during the political protests, he transferred from a university in senegal to a university in rwanda, which allowed him to consider how pollution fares across african countries. hadji faly thinks there are both challenges and opportunities in regards to environmental issues in senegal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n hadji faly acknowledges the negative impact that pollution has long had in dakar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cyeah, it was definitely a problem because i have allergies, unfortunately. so when i was living in dakar, it was really tough sometimes because of all the smoke coming from the cars and the buses. it really affected my health and wellbeing,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n however, hadji faly also feels that pollution in dakar has come down a little since the introduction of electric buses. the city \u201cjust got a bunch of electric buses, but the old ones are still in use,\u201d he said. \u201cif we could get rid of the old ones and keep the electric ones, it would be really good for the environment. i guess it\u2019s a process, but we can get there.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n in march 2024, dakar launched its bus rapid transit (brt) system which the administration claims<\/a> to be leading the way for african cities. it is<\/a> a nearly 20-kilometer (approximately 12.5-mile), fully electric bus system that according to the institute for transportation and development policy in dakar is expected to<\/a> carry 300,000 passengers a day, reduce travel time per person to nearly half, and shift toward zero emission urban transport. with access to public transit, officials hope<\/a> residents of dakar will use private vehicles less and thus contribute to the improvement of air quality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n djibril man\u00e9 agrees that electric buses provide some relief from pollutants, but he also thinks it is too little, too late. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cthis is precisely the problem. we are in the 21st century. those are tools that existed in other countries more than 20 years ago,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n in his view, senegal should be at the forefront of environmental innovation, but western european countries are not allowing african countries to develop and adopt new technologies at the pace needed to mitigate environmental issues while protecting valuable resources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n djibril man\u00e9 points out that the contracts were actually signed under macky sall regime, and those contracts are disastrous for senegal because the vehicles are imported at high prices, with requirements to be repaired in western european countries, but without contribution from senegalese workers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n djibril man\u00e9 particularly fears the lobbying power regarding such economic advancements that disregard local needs of the economic community of west african states (ecowas). <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cwe have to be sincere. we africans must know. we know it, the majority know it,\u201d he said. \u201cbut there are always lobbies that are there, which do not want the people to follow these ideas,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cecowas is not there for the interest of africans. ecowas is there to obey the orders of the settlers and continue to be the long arm, as we call it, of neocolonialism.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n both djibril man\u00e9 and el hadji faly believe that the new leadership of senegal will try to provide real solutions for both economic justice and environmental protection. according to djibril man\u00e9, the political movement of the new president resonated with youth because of the message \u201cwe are poor today, but in reality, we should not not be poor because we have mineral resources, we have human resources, the right people. if we are still poor, it is because a small group of people take the wealth of the country.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n this movement now has a mandate to address economic issues. one of the critical challenges for the new administration will be to pay attention to justice for those who have been underprivileged while also maintaining mindfulness for environmental aspects. <\/p>\n\n\n\n elsa park, a u.s. teen who spent 10 months in senegal during the 2023-2024 school year through the u.s. department of state\u2019s kennedy-lugar yes abroad program, agrees that there are opportunities as well as challenges in regard to balancing the need for economic development with mindfulness for environmental action. during her stay in senegal, she saw change as the regime of macky sall was replaced by the new administration of bassirou diomaye faye. high school students were urged to spend multiple saturdays cleaning up their schools and to also participate in cleanups in the city, in their neighborhoods, and on beaches. \u201cfor young people, it was nice to feel that you were making a difference,\u201d she said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n under the new administration of senegal, additional environmental action initiatives have been started. specifically, $5.5 million will be dedicated<\/a> to promoting environmental health. this will be achieved by reducing the release of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (upops) and toxic chemicals as well as establishing laws for the rational management of urban waste, a major contributor to harmful particle releases. moreover, senegal\u2019s national waste management unit in collaboration with other agencies has installed 18 standardized collection points where communities can deposit their waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\nsenegal at a crossroads: economic prosperity or climate protection? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
pollution is a persistent problem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
a choice between health and opportunity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
mask up to protect against (covid) toxic air quality<\/h2>\n\n\n
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n‘everything they do on other continents, they don\u2019t do in africa the same\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
dakar\u2019s all electric bus fleet <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
neocolonialism by any other name<\/h2>\n\n\n\n