{"id":45463,"date":"2025-02-21t17:39:50","date_gmt":"2025-02-21t17:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/?p=45463"},"modified":"2025-02-21t18:45:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21t18:45:57","slug":"demographic-parks-visitorship","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/demographic-parks-visitorship\/","title":{"rendered":"understanding the demographic discrepancy in park visitorship"},"content":{"rendered":"
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cassandra metz took her two daughters to a national park on a whim. she drove west from their hometown of brooklyn, new york with the intention of enrolling the kids in the junior ranger program for one summer. metz and her family ended up spending days in parks hiking, walking and exploring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

she was hooked. \u201cit was like love at first sight,” metz said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

that was 2012. since then, metz has found time to spend time in nature with her family every year. metz, a photographer, enjoys capturing travel and nature. to her, national parks are an ideal subject because of their \u201cidyllic and sometimes rugged beauty.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

metz\u2019s photography<\/a> is often black and white, leaving the landscapes of the public spaces she visits as the main focus. as a black woman, metz is a part of the least represented group<\/a> that visits national parks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cwe\u2019ve never felt unwelcome, we\u2019ve never felt scared or in danger, but we do recognize that we
are an anomaly,\u201d said metz about traveling to national parks as a black family. she is a champion against the disparity and has written letters and proposals with ideas on how to bridge the gap between black people and the great outdoors.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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yosemite national park is a national park in california. according to nps data from 2016, the park welcomes approximately four million visitors per year.\u00a0 (courtesy of cassandra metz\/cassandrametzphotography.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

overcoming a historical exclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

public spaces like national parks are accessible to all members of a community, city or country. however, the complex relationship between african americans and public spaces is part of a historical legacy of disenfranchisement supplemented by exclusion, destruction and violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

public space is central to the history of america\u2019s development and a global understanding of the sanctity of nature. during the beginning of his second term as president of the united states, president woodrow wilson signed the \u201corganic act of 1916<\/a>,\u201d the act that established the national park service (nps).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the nps can create accommodations for visitors, write permits for use and approve monuments. colloquially, rangers refer to nps sites as parks, but the agency and its employees are stewards of battlefields, memorials, monuments, parkways, rivers, parks and many other places americans and america\u2019s visitors frequent. the nps and its employees are directed<\/a> to conserve \u201cthe scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife\u201d by providing safety for citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the mission seems simple; however, the goal to preserve public space has often excluded black
individuals and communities. the nps<\/a> has 85 million acres of land and 429 sites being taken
care of by 21,000 employees and 123,000 yearly volunteers. yet, in their own words<\/a>, the agency has a diversity deficit. black people are 6.7% of the nps workforce. the nps\u2019s diversity initiative spans 60 years, but progress in all categories (race, gender, age) has been slow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

public spaces and “slow violence”<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

aside from the economic barriers and possible social isolation that could come from being black in the national park service, the lack of black history alienates people of color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kangjae \u201cjerry\u201d lee, a researcher and professor at north carolina state university, calls the elitism and racism that affects public spaces \u201cslow violence<\/a>\u201d: a creeping, structural violence perpetrated by oppressors to harm and marginalize minority groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

conservation, the practice of preventing the destruction of a natural space or habitat, is a movement that the library of congress says dates back to 1850. lee, a scholar of parks, recreation and tourism management, says the conservation movement and creation of national parks is a response to immigration and urbanization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cwhite elites promoted this idea that cities were dirty places inhabited by immigrants and people of color and that natural spaces were clean, quiet spaces that white people should enjoy,\u201d lee said lee to nc state university’s college of natural resources news<\/a>. empowered by government leaders like madison grant<\/a>, white conservationists dismissed black americans as unworthy of nature and federally excluded black americans from public spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

alternatively, black environmentalists posit that black people have a different relationship to land. kimberly k. smith, an environmental ethics-focused political scientist and historian, says black people integrate wilderness into the black intellectual tradition<\/a> instead of attempting to separate people from land in the name of preservation. wilderness exists in tandem with society and \u201cits preservation facilitated the preservation of african american cultural forms and  racial consciousness,\u201d said smith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the legacy of black people\u2019s exclusion from public spaces continues today. in may of 2020, birdwatcher christian cooper was threatened by a white woman in central park. cooper\u2019s now-deleted twitter video of the harassment went viral and, according to new york times reporter sarah maslin nir<\/a>, gathered over 40 million views by june of the same year. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

in the video, cooper asks the woman to leash her dog in accordance with park rules. the woman refuses and calls the police telling the operator multiple times that \u201can african-american man is threatening my life.\u201d the angered woman exercises the power of america\u2019s racial hierarchy to attempt to remove cooper from the public park. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cthere are certain dark societal impulses that she, as a white woman, facing in a conflict with a black man, that she thought she could marshal to her advantage,\u201d said cooper in a 2020 interview<\/a> with the new york times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

displacement and lack of representation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

like cooper\u2019s conflict, the federal government used their power to oust black americans from their land. seneca village was a thriving black neighborhood<\/a> in 1820s new york. the neighborhood was attractive to black people because of its low property prices and its secluded location. the establishment of the african methodist episcopal (ame) caused people to buy the land around the church. free black people moved to seneca village and created a thriving community full of schools, gardens and other community essentials. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

when the city of new york decided to build central park, seneca village was demolished and its residents were displaced. diana wall\u2019s \u201carchaeology of identity and dissonance\u201d<\/a> says the destruction of seneca village was intentional. the black people living in the neighborhood could not defend themselves and fight for fair financial compensation for their homes. without property, black men were not able to protest through their vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

in 1853<\/a>, new york city officials authorized the purchase of the land that makes up the modern-day central park. the city of new york used eminent domain to acquire private property for public use. historians from the central park conservancy hosted an archeological dig<\/a> to unearth the history of seneca village. the fruits of the exploration were minimal, yielding a china set and other kitchen essentials. the black residents of seneca village were erased to create a park that was supposed to unify and purify the increasing population of immigrants and people of color moving into new york.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

not all parks are built on the back of a forgotten black community, but few monuments commemorate black america’s contributions. the acceptance of black landmarks as national monuments is a recent process. billionaire and philanthropist robert f. smith donated the family homes<\/a> of dr. martin luther king, jr. to be designated as national historic sites. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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yellowstone is the united states’ first national park. established in 1872, the park is known for its luscious landscapes, diverse wildlife and unique geological features. (courtesy of cassandra metz\/cassandrametzphotography.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

there are 400 national parks<\/a> in the united states. there are 12 parks<\/a> that are named after african americans. without smith\u2019s outside intervention<\/a> the history surrounding dr. king\u2019s house would be lost, destroying a community\u2019s right to history and access to an important public space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

without representation of black history and representation within the nps, black visitors to public spaces can feel isolated and unsafe. the threat of danger or violence<\/a> creeps through the great outdoors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

in september of 2020, the great smoky mountains national park was vandalized. the vandalists left a large black bear skin and head draped over the sign that marked the entrance to the park.  next to the animal skin was a cardboard sign that said \u201chere to the lake black lives don\u2019t matter.\u201d the sign is in reference to the black lives matter movement that stands against racism and violence against black people.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

great smoky mountains national park, located in the appalachian mountains along the tennessee and north carolina border, was a segregated park<\/a>. j.r. eakin, the great smoky mountains national park\u2019s first superintendent, claimed black people would not use it unless their facilities were designated and separate from white facilities. the parks\u2019 legacy seeped into their segregated lunch areas and into the ancestral memory of the surrounding black communities.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

however, the lack of black people in public spaces is changing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cthe service recognizes that, when diverse citizens visit units of the national park system and see and converse with someone who \u2018looks like me,\u2019 and who performs the various important responsibilities at these sites, it gives them a sense of being a part of and accepted by the larger community \u2014 including the national park service” and \u201cthis is beneficial for the service\u201d and for the people it serves said jonathan jarvis,<\/a> the former director of the united states department of interior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

charting new paths forward<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

today, organizations like black girl environmentalist, earth in color and the national black environmental network work to engage their communities<\/a> in outdoor activities and to preserve the history and culture of black agrarians. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

earth in color\u2019s mission is to affirm the \u201cdeep cultural connections” that black people have to the earth, \u201cdue to our shared ancestry and interconnected histories.\u201d black girl hike pledges \u201cto see brown faces in green spaces.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

alongside the national park service, these black environmental groups have the power to address the socioeconomic and historic discrepancies<\/a> between the groups that frequent public spaces. the persistence of black environmentalists who continue to show up for their home towns\u2019s public spaces can help free america from the collective memory and policies barring black people from nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cthis is our land and our history, so why not be in these spaces,\u201d said cassandra metz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kayla smernoff is a journalist studying at howard university. her article is from nikole hannah-jones\u2019s essay writing course inspired by historical anthology \u2018the 1619 project.\u2019<\/em>
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public spaces like national parks should be accessible to everyone. however, the complex relationship between african americans and public spaces is part of a historical legacy of disenfranchisement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31682,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4902,5195,7173],"tags":[],"storyfest_categories":[7169],"class_list":["post-45463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-colleges-education","category-justice","category-storyfest-2025"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nunderstanding the demographic discrepancy in park visitorship - planet forward<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"national parks should be accessible to everyone, but the goal to preserve public space has often excluded black individuals and communities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"\/\/www.getitdoneaz.com\/story\/demographic-parks-visitorship\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_us\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"understanding the demographic discrepancy in park visitorship - 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